On 8 February 2019, a draft bill that implements the provisions of the EU Directive 2017/2455 (E-Commerce package) concerning for supplies of services and distance sales of goods, was adopted by the parliament. The respective provisions are effective as from 1 January 2019.

The ECJ has held that for the purposes of the exercise of the right to a VAT refund, the Thirteenth Directive must be interpreted as not precluding national legislation from imposing a time limit on the possibility of rectifying incorrect invoices, such as the correction of a VAT identification number, provided that the principles of equivalence and effectiveness are respected.

The court has held that a country’s national legislation cannot apply an article 193 VAT Directive derogation before the date the EU act authorizing the requested derogation was notified to the Member State. This is despite the fact that the act does not mention the date when the derogation applies and even if the Member State stated the wish to apply it retroactively.

On 13 January 2019 the reduced VAT rate of 5% became applicable to the supplies of transport of passengers by train, cable car, animal-drawn vehicle or boat for tourism or leisure purposes.

Starting from 1 April 2019, performers and their representatives will be able to opt to be exempt from VAT or to be subject to a 10% reduced VAT rate on their remuneration and fees for athletic and other public performances and copyright.

The ECJ has held that a VAT exemption applied on an import of goods may not be refused on the basis that the recipient of the intra community supply of goods commits tax evasion effected after that import, provided that:

• the recipient of the goods committed tax evasion in a transaction not linked to the initial Intra-Community transfer of goods; and
• there is no evidence to suggest the importer knew or ought to have known that a subsequent transaction would entail VAT fraud.

The Upper Tribunal held that the input VAT recovery in the business promotion chain is possible even when members of a retailer’s in-house business promotion scheme benefits from untaxed consumption, provided that customers paid for those rewards in the prices paid for premium goods and services in order to earn the rewards (Tesco Freetime Ltd and Tesco PLC [2019] UKUT 0018 (TCC)).

Law No. 136 of 17 December 2018 implements the Law Decree No. 199, with the following measures for VAT:

• The reverse charge mechanism will continue to apply until 30 June 2022 for supplies of mobile, integrated circuit devices such as microprocessors and central processing units in a state prior to integration into end-user products, game consoles, tablet PCs and laptops. It will also continue to apply to the transfer of allowances to emit greenhouse gases and to supplies of gas and electricity to a taxable person;
• Invoices and related corrections for supplies of goods and services between taxable persons must be issued electronically.  This obligation does not apply for non-resident taxable persons registered in Italy for VAT purposes through a direct VAT identification or appointment of a VAT representative;
• As from 1 July 2019 an invoice may be issued within 10 days from the time of supply, provided that the date of issuance of the invoice and the date of the time of supply are both stated on the invoice;
• Taxable persons are required to record sales invoices in their VAT ledger by the 15th day of the month following that in which the supply took place. Furthermore, it is no longer a requirement to number the purchases invoices and customs bills sequentially in the VAT ledger;
• A taxable person is entitled to deduct input VAT in the month in which the supply takes place, provided that the respective invoice is recorded in the VAT ledger by the 15th day of the following month, unless such supply took place in the previous fiscal year;
• Starting in 2020 and only for taxable persons established in Italy, VAT ledgers, periodical VAT calculations and annual VAT returns will be made available online and pre-filled;

With effect from 1 January 2020, qualifying retailers must, on a monthly basis, electronically store and transmit data on their daily considerations. This applies from 1 July 2019 to retailers with an annual turnover higher than EUR 400 000.

All persons who sell through an ‘electronic shop’ in Bulgaria must be registered in the electronic portal of the Bulgarian Revenue Agency. The registration is carried out electronically with a qualified electronic signature through an electronic service in the e-Services Portal of the NRA. The deadline to make the above registration is 29 March 2019.

On 28 January 2019, the German Ministry of Finance issued official guidance on the application of the new sections 22f and 25e of the German VAT Act regarding record-keeping obligations of operators of online marketplaces. Such operators are obliged to keep records of the German VAT registration certificates from the resident and non-resident sellers or must have the digital confirmation from the German federal tax authorities of the seller’s accurate VAT compliance. Furthermore, in case the VAT is not collected by the vendors, including those that are not registered in Germany, the operators of online marketplaces become VAT liable for it.

As from 31 March 2019 fiscal receipts registering sales of liquid fuels must include in separate lines and among other mandatory requirements information concerning the amount of VAT, excise duty, sale price of the fuel excluding excise duty and VAT (net value), and purchase price of the fuel excluding excise duty and VAT (purchase value).

In the sequence of the increase in the reduced VAT rate from 6% to 9%, that took effect on 1 January 2019, the Ministry of Finance announced on 28 January 2019 an amendment to the decree on the Exclusion of Input VAT Deduction 1968, in order to update the reduced VAT rate there mentioned.

Under this decree, a taxable person can deduct the input VAT incurred on the purchase of food and drinks that are provided to its employees, provided that the difference between what the employee would normally have to pay for such food and drink and what the employee pays is not higher than 227,00 EUR per employee.

Entering into force on 1 March 2019, all vitamins, minerals fish oils, etc. are liable to the 23% standard VAT rate. Previously, a zero VAT rate applied to such products.

A taxable supply with the place of supply in the Czech Republic, which has been provided for more than 12 months is deemed to have been made no later than on the last day of the calendar year following the calendar year in which the taxable supply began.

The amendment became effective on 1 January 2019 and does not apply to services provided based on the law or based on the decision of a public authority to a third party, where the provision of that service is paid by the state.

The transitional threshold of 250 000,00 EUR for the special VAT Regime and the special simplified VAT Regimes was extended for 2019, according to Royal Decree-Law 27/2018 of 28 December 2018.

The Italian Tax Authorities published Ruling Answer No. 8 of 18 January 2019, providing clarifications on the VAT rated applicable to supplies of energy gels and protein drinks (VAT rate 22%, according to TARIC codes 20202.9919 and 2202.9991) and to supplies of qualifying food supplements (VAT rate 10%, according to TARIC code 2106).

Circular E.2012, published on 17 January 2019, provided clarifications on the new VAT provisions concerning the special scheme for small companies. In this context, the 10 000,00 EUR threshold remains but it does not include disposals of capital assets nor the exempt supplies with no deduction right. Moreover, as soon as the threshold is exceeded, the company must apply the regular VAT regime irrespective of when the notification to the Greek tax authorities is filed. In addition, any newly established business may apply to the regime and it is no longer mandatory to retain it for 2 years.

On 1 January 2019, the following amendments to VAT law became effective:

• The EU Directive 2016/1065 regarding the treatment of vouchers, was implemented into the national legislation;
• The EU Directive 2017/2455 was also implemented into the national legislation. It foresees the VAT obligations for supplies of services and distance sales of goods, such as: allows taxable persons who supply electronic services with an annual turnover inferior than EUR 10 000 to apply the VAT rules of the country of their establishment;
• In order to simplify the conditions to declare and deduct the import VAT in the VAT return, the following requirements were abolished: (i.) the proportion of zero-rated supplies to total supplies had to be at least 50% in the previous 12 months and (ii.)  the submission of VAT returns could only be through electronic means during the previous 12 months.

Moreover, as from 1 February 2019, fuel importers that have provided a security under the Liquid Fuel Act may declare and deduct their import VAT in the VAT Return declaration.

The Spanish Directorate General for Taxation issued a ruling providing interpretation to Directive 2016/1065/EC on the VAT treatment of vouchers, in the absence of a regulatory development.

The Circular 790 which was published on 18 January 2019, has the purpose to determine the taxable base for transactions between closely related parties.

This Circular establishes that the fair market value rule, defined in article 32 of the VAT Law will be applied when the consideration agreed:

• is higher than the fair market value;
• is lower than the fair market value and the recipient does not have a full VAT deduction right; and
• is lower than the fair market value and the supplier does not have a full VAT deduction right while the supply itself is VAT exempt.

In this context, the fair market value is the full amount that a customer would have to pay in order to obtain goods or services, under conditions of a fair competition.

The Legislative Decree No. 148 which implements the Directive 2014/55/EU on electronic invoicing in the execution of contracts relating to public procurement will become effective from 1 February 2019.

Czech Republic has formalised a request on 16 January 2019 to apply the generalised reverse charge mechanism (GRCM) under the Council Directive (EU) 2018/2057.

The Royal Decree 1512/2018 which contains the following amendments to the VAT Law, became effective on 1 January 2019:

• The option for voluntary application of the SII regime can be exercised during the entire fiscal year. However, the taxpayers that take this option will have to submit the electronic VAT books from the beginning of the respective year;
• The reimbursements provided to travellers under the travellers’ scheme for exports will have to be informed electronically until the 16th day of the following month to the settlement period in which the taxpayer rectified its due VAT to recover.

Effective from 1 January 2019, the legal interest rate has been increased from 0,3% to 0,8% per annum.